Levinson's theorem for the Schr\"{o}dinger equation in one dimension

Abstract

Levinson's theorem for the one-dimensional Schr\"{o}dinger equation with a symmetric potential, which decays at infinity faster than $x^{-2}$, is established by the Sturm-Liouville theorem. The critical case, where the Schr\"{o}dinger equation has a finite zero-energy solution, is also analyzed. It is demonstrated that the number of bound states with even (odd) parity $n_{+}$ ($n_{-}$) is related to the phase shift $\eta_{+}(0)[\eta_{-}(0)]$ of the scattering states with the same parity at zero momentum as $\eta_{+}(0)+\pi/2=n_{+}\pi, \eta_{-}(0)=n_{-}\pi$, for the non-critical case, $\eta_{+}(0)=n_{+}\pi, \eta_{-}(0)-\pi/2=n_{-}\pi$, for the critical case.