Periodic Hamiltonian and Berry's phase in harmonic oscillators

Abstract

For a time-dependent $τ$-periodic harmonic oscillator of two linearly independent homogeneous solutions of classical equation of motion which are bounded all over the time (stable), it is shown, there is a representation of states cyclic up to multiplicative constants under $τ$-evolution or $2τ$-evolution depending on the model. The set of the wave functions is complete. Berry's phase which could depend on the choice of representation can be defined under the $τ$- or $2τ$-evolution in this representation. If a homogeneous solution diverges as the time goes to infinity, it is shown that, Berry's phase can not be defined in any representation considered. Berry's phase for the driven harmonic oscillator is also considered. For the cases where Berry's phase can be defined, the phase is given in terms of solutions of the classical equation of motion.