A model for the detection of spatially correlated biphotons using a photon-counting camera

Abstract

Spontaneous downconversion is a versatile source for correlated biphotons that has been employed in many quantum sensing and imaging experiments. Spatially-resolved photon-counting detectors allow to access a large number of modes, posing the challenge of an accurate description of such systems. We propose a simple model to generate images as though acquired by a photon-counting camera, and allow to simulate and characterise the detection of quantum correlations. We derive quantitative parameters characteristic of the spatial correlations for a given experiment, comparing the images produced by our model to the frames acquired by an electron-multiplying CCD camera. Moreover we accurately predict the decreased detection of spatially correlated biphotons caused by introducing a variable amount of optical loss after the nonlinear crystal, even though the total number of detected events is kept constant, showing excellent agreement between model and experiment.