UPconversion Loop Oscillator Axion Detection experiment: A precision frequency interferometric axion dark matter search with a Cylindrical Microwave Cavity

Abstract

First experimental results from a room-temperature table-top phase-sensitive axion haloscope experiment are presented. The technique exploits the axion-photon coupling between two photonic resonator-oscillators excited in a single cavity, allowing low-mass axions to be upconverted to microwave frequencies, acting as a source of frequency modulation on the microwave carriers. This new pathway to axion detection has certain advantages over the traditional haloscope method, particularly in targeting axions below 1 $\mu$eV (240 MHz) in energy where high volume magnets are necessary. At the heart of the dual-mode oscillator, a tunable cylindrical microwave cavity supports a pair of orthogonally polarized modes ($\text{TM}_{\text{0,2,0}}$ and $\text{TE}_{\text{0,1,1}}$), which, in general, enables simultaneous sensitivity to axions with masses corresponding to the sum and difference of the microwave frequencies. The results place axion exclusion limits between 7.44 - 19.38 neV, excluding a minimal coupling strength above $3\times 10^{-3}$ 1/GeV, and between 74.4 - 74.5 $\mu$eV, excluding a minimal coupling strength above $10^{-2}$ 1/GeV, after a measurement period of two and a half hours. We show that a state-of-the-art frequency-stabilized cryogenic implementation of this technique may achieve competitive limits in a large range of axion-space.