Cryogen-free modular scanning tunneling microscope operating at 4-K in high magnetic field on a compact ultra-high vacuum platform

Abstract

One of the daunting challenges in modern low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is the difficulty of combining atomic resolution with cryogen free cooling. Further functionality needs, such as ultra-high vacuum (UHV), high magnetic field, and compatibility with {\mu}m-sized samples, pose additional challenges to an already ambitious build. We present the design, construction, and performance of a cryogen free, UHV, low temperature, and high magnetic field system for modular STM operation. An internal vibration isolator reduces vibrations in this system allowing atomic resolution STM imaging while maintaining a low base temperature of ~4K and magnetic fields up to 9T. Samples and tips can be conditioned in-situ utilizing a heating stage, an ion sputtering gun, an e-beam evaporator, a tip treater, and sample exfoliation. In-situ sample and tip exchange and alignment are performed in a connected UHV room temperature stage with optical access. Multisite operation without breaking vacuum is enabled by a unique quick-connect STM head design. A novel low-profile vertical transfer mechanism permits transferring the STM between room temperature and the low temperature cryostat.