Quantum metric-induced generalized magneto-optical effects in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric antiferromagnets

Abstract

The magneto-optical effects (MOEs), as fundamental physical phenomena, can reveal the electronic structures of materials. The related probing methods are widely used in the study of magnetic materials. The conventional MOEs are understood to arise from the Berry curvature (the imaginary part of the quantum geometry). Within the framework of conventional MOEs, space-time inversion ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetric antiferromagnets are magneto-optically inactive. Here, we propose quantum metric (the real part of the quantum geometry) induced generalized MOEs and build generic formulas with quantum metric for Kerr and Faraday angles in three-dimensional and two-dimensional $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric antiferromagnets. Combining the tight-binding model and first-principles calculations, we demonstrate the quantum metric-induced generalized MOEs in the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric antiferromagnets. Our theory broadens the research on MOEs and also provides a microscopic understanding of experimentally observed Kerr rotations in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric antiferromagnets. Our theory overcomes the zero-net-moment limitation preventing (conventional) MOEs from detecting magnetic phase transitions and spin orderings in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric antiferromagnets -- enabling non-destructive spin-state tomography in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric antiferromagnets and creating new quantum metric-based pathways toward ultrafast magneto-optical applications, such as memories and sensors.