Probing globular clusters parameters through gravitational wave lensing with stellar-mass black hole binaries

Abstract

Globular clusters (GCs) can act as gravitational lenses for gravitational waves(GWs) in the wave-optics regime, imprinting frequency-dependent signatures on the observed signal. We investigate whether such lensing effects can be used to probe intrinsic properties of GCs, in particular their central velocity dispersion. Modeling GCs as singular isothermal spheres, we simulate lensed GW150914-like signals and perform Bayesian parameter estimation using waveform templates that include both source and lens parameters. We show that the effective lensing mass can be recovered and, when combined with GW sky localization information and GC catalogs, allows for an estimate of the cluster velocity dispersion. For favorable source-lens alignments, the injected values are well recovered within credible intervals. Our results demonstrate that lensed GWs can provide a complementary probe of GC dynamics and motivate searches for such signatures in current and future observations.