The Effect of Heat Loss During the Early Stages of Flame Propagation and Tulip Flame Formation

Abstract

The dynamics of premixed flames propagating in two-dimensional and cylindrical channels are investigated using direct numerical simulations of the fully compressible reactive Navier-Stokes equations coupled with conductive heat transfer within the channel walls. The simulations employ a high-order numerical method, detailed chemical kinetics and transport models for a stoichiometric hydrogen-air combustion. The influence of heat losses during the early stages of flame propagation is examined for channels of different aspect ratios, with particular focus on tulip flame formation and its subsequent transition to distorted tulip structures. Heat losses are modelled considering convective heat transfer from the hot combustion products to the inner wall surface, thermal conduction heat transfer through the wall, and convective and radiative heat losses from the outer wall surface to the surroundings. The obtained results are compared with corresponding simulations under adiabatic wall boundary conditions. The simulations reproduce the principal features of flame dynamics observed experimentally, highlighting the combined influence of wall heat losses and geometric confinement on flame dynamics in confined channels.