Inertial motion of incompressible continua

Abstract

We study the inertial motion of incompressible continua within a geometric and variational framework, extending the classical Arnold-Ebin-Marsden theory from the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of a fixed domain to configuration spaces of deformations with variable image. In the latter case, the lack of a group structure requires proving some results that are instead immediate in the classical setting. We show that the orientation-preserving deformations with suitable regularity constitute a Hilbert manifold and that volume-preserving deformations form a submanifold with tangent vectors that are mapped onto divergence-free vector fields by the Lagrangian-to-Eulerian-picture correspondence. In so doing, we also present the geometric structure corresponding to compressible continua. The kinetic energy of the continuum gives rise to both a Lagrangian action, from which the equations of inertial motion are deduced, and a metric, with geodesics that are identified precisely by inertial motions. While the inertial motion can coincide with a physical one only for incompressible perfect fluids, it can be used to provide a natural parametrization of the configuration manifold for generic continua. We obtain a general result of local-in-time existence of solutions for the geodesic flow equation and we present explicit examples showing that, for the same initial data, the geodesic followed by the continuum in the compressible case can leave the manifold of admissible deformations in finite time, while the corresponding incompressible geodesic exists for all times.