Dissipative properties of a Fermi system within the diffusion approximation of kinetic theory

Abstract

The dissipative properties of a Fermi system are studied within the diffusion approximation of kinetic theory for a model of a spherical atomic nucleus. An analytical solution of the nonlinear diffusion equation in energy space with constant kinetic coefficients is used to show that the distribution function asymptotically approaches the equilibrium Fermi distribution. It is found that the deviation from equilibrium at finite times decays with an effective relaxation time of $τ_\mathrm{eff}\approx 1.0\times10^{-23}$ s, whereas the asymptotic regime is characterized by an exponential decay with a relaxation time of $τ_\text{eq}\approx 3\,τ_\text{eff}$. These results explain the difference between the relaxation times extracted from integral characteristics of the relaxation process and from the asymptotic long-time evolution.