Simulating the Dicke Model on Qubit-Based and hybrid Qubit-Boson-Based Quantum Computers

Abstract

The Dicke model provides a fundamental description of collective light-matter interactions and has long served as a testbed for exploring a wide range of physical phenomena in quantum optics and condensed matter physics. In this work, we develop a variational framework for investigating the finite-size Dicke model on both fully qubit-based (digital) and hybrid qubit boson based (digital-analogue) quantum computing platforms. We show that the resulting model reproduces the characteristic critical behavior of the Dicke model in the appropriate large-spin limit while remaining suitable for implementation on both classical emulators of quantum computers and actual trapped ion quantum computers, albeit in the case of latter somewhat limited by noise. Finally, we introduce a complementary hybrid qubit-bosonic variational ansatz that directly exploits the bosonic degree of freedom to reduce quantum resources and discuss its potential implementation on hybrid quantum hardware. Our results establish a scalable, symmetry-aware framework for variational quantum simulations of collective light-matter systems and provide a pathway toward efficient simulations of more general spin-boson models on near-term quantum devices.