svMultiPhysics: a finite element-based solver for cardiovascular simulations

Abstract

Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, motivating extensive efforts to improve its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Over the past decade, computational modeling has emerged as a powerful tool to advance cardiovascular research by enabling detailed, patient-specific studies of cardiac physiology and pathology. svMultiPhysics is an open-source, parallel finite element solver written in C++ specifically designed for multiphysics cardiovascular problems. It provides a unified framework for simulating the partial differential equations that govern solid mechanics, fluid dynamics, diffusion, and cardiac electrophysiology. These equations can be solved independently or in a coupled fashion, allowing researchers to investigate interactions between physical processes in a modular yet integrated way. The solver's main strength lies in its ability to seamlessly couple multiple physics modules, enabling the study of complex, highly nonlinear systems. For example, svMultiPhysics can capture the interplay between cardiac electrophysiology, myocardial tissue mechanics, and blood flow dynamics, processes that are essential to understanding vascular and cardiac physiology and function in health and disease. Preliminary GPU-enabled simulations show up to approximately $30\times$ wall-clock speedup for selected linear solver configurations over CPU-based simulations. By offering a robust, extensible, and freely available platform, svMultiPhysics empowers researchers to explore multiphysics problems in cardiovascular science. As the primary 3D solver in the SimVascular open source project, it forms a key component of an end-to-end open source software ecosystem for image based patient specific modeling in the cardiovascular system. It is maintained and openly developed on GitHub, fostering transparency, reproducibility, and collaboration.