High-Order Pole-Skipping in Near-Extremal Holography

Abstract

We develop a systematic analytic method for studying high-order pole-skipping in near-extremal holographic black holes. In the near-extremal regime, approaching the limit $T\to0$, the near-horizon geometry develops an approximately $\mathrm{AdS}_2 \times \mathbb{R}^{d-1}$ structure; we show that the mode index $q$ labeling pole-skipping points is identified with the IR conformal dimension $Δ_{\mathrm{IR}} = q$ in the emergent $\mathrm{AdS}_2/\mathrm{CFT}_1$ correspondence, providing a concrete physical interpretation of the subleading pole-skipping tower. The method reorganizes the near-horizon Frobenius expansion according to powers of temperature. This reveals a temperature-graded hierarchical structure that reduces the $n$-th-order pole-skipping condition to a factorized algebraic equation:each pole-skipping momentum depends only on the mode index $q$, not on the order $n$. This $n$-independence produces a high degeneracy as $T\to 0$, where pole-skipping momenta at all orders collapse onto a discrete set of values determined by near-horizon geometry and the scalar field mass; these values can be expressed in terms of thermodynamic quantities such as entropy density and specific heat. In the limit $n \gg 1$ (with $nT$ remaining small), the leading pole-skipping momenta grow asymptotically as $k_{n,n} \propto n$. We compute leading temperature corrections and verify our predictions through numerical analysis of the Dyonic Gubser--Rocha model. The results confirm that high-order pole-skipping at low temperature is governed by near-horizon physics. This provides analytic access to pole-skipping points well beyond those accessible by standard determinant methods and clarifies the structure of holographic Green's functions in the low-temperature regime.