Fractional Holographic Dark Energy Wormholes: A Comprehensive Geometrical, Physical, and Thermodynamic Investigation

Abstract

The discovery of the accelerated expansion of the cosmos has sparked great interest in studying the nature of the mysterious force behind this effect, often called dark energy. Several theories were proposed to study the nature of dark energy, and holographic dark energy stands out among them due to the relation between dark energy density and the principles of quantum gravity and holography. Recent progress made in fractional cosmology has led to the addition of fractional correction terms to the definition of holographic dark energy. Based on such progress, in this study, we investigate the behavior of fractional holographic dark energy in forming exotic spacetimes, especially traversable wormholes, which represent intriguing solutions of Einstein's field equations connecting distinct regions of spacetime. In the present article, a new class of Morris--Thorne wormhole solutions is obtained under the consideration of fractional holographic dark energy as the source of the gravitational field with a varying redshift function in the context of Einstein gravity. To study the nature of wormholes, their geometry, viability, and thermodynamic behavior, a shape function is obtained, and the wormholes are analyzed in detail via embedding diagrams, throat geometry, active gravitational mass, compactness, exoticity factor, energy conditions, conservation law, volume integral quantifier, Kretschmann invariant, and complexity factor. Moreover, thermodynamic properties of the wormholes are studied via the examination of several parameters, including Hawking temperature, wormhole temperature, entropy, energy, work density, and heat flux, aiming to understand the influence of fractional holographic corrections on the stability and evolution of traversable wormhole structures.