Effect of classical noises on the coherent population trapping based on the Green's function approach to the multiplicative stochastic processes

Abstract

Inspired by the Green's function (GF) approach in quantum field theory (QFT) and many body physics, we have developed a mathematical formalism to investigate classical multiplicative stochastic processes. Based on this approach, the interacting GF of any dynamical system subjected to classical stochastic noises, which enter into the system equations of motion in a multiplicative way, can be obtained from the noninteracting (free of noise) GF through an infinite perturbative series which may converge to an exact closed form under special conditions. Using this formalism, we have studied the effects of classical noises of the driving laser on the coherent population trapping (CPT) which have a crucial role in the performance of CPT-based atomic clocks. We have shown that if the bandwidth of the colored noise is sufficiently larger than the system damping rate, the infinite series corresponding to the interacting GF can be approximated by the closed form. The presented formalism enables us to investigate all kinds of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening mechanisms on the CPT transmission resonance lineshape, including dephasing due to atomic collisions, power/Doppler broadenings, as well as the broadening mechanisms due to phase and amplitude fluctuations of driving laser and compared their destructive effect with each other. It should be emphasized that the presented formalism is applicable to any dynamical system with multiplicative stochastic noises and the CPT phenomenon is just a prototype for the application of the presented formalism in practice.