Environmental and cell-cell signaling shape developmental trajectories across morphogenetic landscapes

Abstract

Despite the variability in gene regulation and environmental conditions, development of an organism occurs through a sequence of highly coordinated patterning processes. Cells integrate different signals to accurately infer their position in order to adopt an appropriate identity. Using a model of epigenetic landscape originally proposed by Waddington to describe cell-fate determination, we establish the critical role played by juxtacrine signaling between cells in determining tissue patterns. Subsequently we systematically coarse-grain the model at the tissue scale to map its patterning to transition between states in a binary spin model having a free energy landscape. We show that such landscapes serve as a powerful unifying framework for describing development of biological systems across distinct spatio-temporal scales.