An Investigation into the Effect of Mobile Ions on the Steady State Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

In perovskite solar cells, the interplay between mobile ions and photo-excited charge carriers is complex,with recent studies suggesting mobile ions can be either beneficial or detrimental to cell efficiency depending on the cell properties. In this study we use drift diffusion modelling and factorial analysis to simulate 601 pairs of perovskite solar cells (1202 total cells) across a broad range of physically relevant materials parameters. In each pair of devices, one cell contains mobile ions that can move freely. The second paired cell is identical but has no mobile ions. This approach allows us to systematically investigate the impact of mobile ions on cell performance. We deconvolve the contributions of key cell parameters including ion density, recombination rate and band offsets, for n-i-p and p-i-n devices with both organic and inorganic contact layers. Importantly, we find that in efficient devices, mobile ions have only a small impact on steady-state performance.