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Astroid Spinodal Boundary in Phase-Based Ising Machines

Malihe Farasat, Nikhil Shukla

physics.comp-pharXiv:2607.26213

Abstract

Oscillator Ising machines (OIMs) and dynamical Ising machines (DIMs) encode binary spins in phase states stabilized by second-harmonic injection (SHI). In a coupled network, the competition between SHI and the instantaneous local network field reshapes each oscillator's conditional energy landscape. We show that this competition drives a transition between monostable and bistable regimes through an astroid spinodal boundary. Near this boundary, the barrier scales as ΔEiμi3/2 at generic smooth points and as ΔEiμi2 at the longitudinal cusp. OIMs and DIMs obey the same spinodal geometry, with their conditional landscapes related by a reversal of the transverse field. Finally, the first-harmonic conditional landscape is mathematically equivalent, up to an additive constant, to the Stoner--Wohlfarth energy of a uniaxial magnetic particle.

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