Secure Relay Low-Altitude Networks via Hybrid Fixed-Position and Rotatable Antenna Arrays

Abstract

In this paper, a relay network with hybrid fixed-position and rotatable antenna arrays is proposed. The deployment of rotatable arrays in conventional relay networks is considered to provide more secure communications for low-altitude economy applications. Specifically, both the base station and the relay station are equipped with fixed-position antenna arrays and rotatable arrays to serve ground users and aerial users, respectively. To address the challenge of multi-user interference, a low-cost reconfigurable intelligent surface is exploited as a candidate path. Accordingly, under constraints on transmit power, user quality of service, rotatable range, and path selection, the objective is to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate (SR) through joint beamforming, power allocation, and rotatable antenna orientation design. First, the SR performance in the \textcolor{black}{single ground-aerial user pair scenario} is investigated, and a step-by-step leakage-based scheme is proposed. Then, the general multi-user scenario is studied, and a Distributional Soft Actor-Critic with Three refinements (DSAC-T)-based learning scheme, which supports hybrid discrete and continuous actions, is proposed to maximize the worst-case SR. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. The proposed schemes achieve approximately a twofold improvement in SR performance compared to isotropic antennas. \textcolor{black}{The proposed system can achieve approximately 99.7\% power saving, 55\% antenna saving, and can serve more users.}