Coulomb and nuclear polarization of the nucleon density in the dinuclear configuration of the $^{40}$Ca + $^{208}$Pb system

Abstract

The change of the nucleon density distribution of a heavy nucleus caused by the presence of a second nucleus at a fixed centre-to-centre distance is studied in the framework of the deformed Woods--Saxon mean field. The single-particle problem of one nucleus has been solved by diagonalization in a cylindrical harmonic oscillator basis with the external field of the partner nucleus included in the Hamiltonian before diagonalization. The external field consists of the Coulomb potential of the partner charge distribution and of the nuclear part obtained by double folding of the Migdal density-dependent effective nucleon-nucleon interaction, in the same form as it is used in the dinuclear system approach. The induced density change $δρ(\boldsymbol r;R)$ and the corresponding changes of the quadrupole moment, of the mean-square radius and of the interaction energy have been calculated for the $^{40}$Ca + $^{208}$Pb system at separations $R = 15.5$--$20$ fm. The results are compared with the first-order (linear-response) treatment of the same external field. The polarization of both partners is found to be dominated by the repulsive Coulomb tidal field, which produces an oblate deformation of the density, while the attractive nuclear field acts in the opposite sense and partially cancels the Coulomb contribution at the smallest separations. The polarization energy is found to be a dipole quantity, the induced quadrupole deformation contributing only a few percent of it. The limits of validity of the one-centre description are established quantitatively.