Planar Interfaces for Transmission of Chiral Spin Textures

Abstract

Lateral magnetic interfaces provide a direct way to test whether skyrmions remain robust when driven across abrupt changes in material parameters and magnetic order. Here we study skyrmion transmission across planar ferromagnet-ferromagnet (FM-FM), antiferromagnet-antiferromagnet (AFM-AFM), ferromagnet-antiferromagnet (FM-AFM), and antiferromagnet-ferromagnet (AFM-FM) interfaces using micromagnetic simulations and analytic reduced-coordinate criteria. The outcomes are organized into phase diagrams according to the morphology formed in the receiving region, distinguishing compact transmission from deformed skyrmions, stripe-domain states, amorphous textures, and relaxation into the background. Same-order FM-FM and AFM-AFM skyrmion transmission is captured by an analytically defined range of the reduced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, identifying the wall-softening regime that supports compact transmission without stripe formation. Mixed-order FM-AFM and AFM-FM interfaces are directionally distinct, requiring conversion between ferromagnetic magnetization and antiferromagnetic Néel textures. These results show that planar interfaces act as active transport elements and provide reduced design criteria for heterogeneous skyrmion tracks.