Multi-Dimensional Entropy for Vibration Data Quality Control in Wind Turbines: Properties, Deployment, and Industrial Implications

Abstract

Erroneous vibration signals caused by sensor malfunction, shutdown transients, and abnormal acquisition conditions can degrade the reliability of automated industrial monitoring pipelines. This paper presents a deployment-oriented analysis of Multi-Dimensional Entropy (MDE) for vibration data quality control in wind turbines, focusing on computational efficiency, model-agnostic capability, physical interpretability, and robustness. Experiments on 57,643 labeled industrial vibration records from 12 wind farms and 14 turbine units, covering main bearings, gearboxes, and generators, together with cross-platform deployment validation and cross-turbine generalization tests on 4,152 unseen records from 3 additional wind farms, show that MDE provides a stable and discriminative feature representation across different classifiers and heterogeneous operating conditions while maintaining low computational and memory requirements. These results demonstrate that MDE can serve as a lightweight and deployment-ready feature layer for vibration data quality control, thereby improving the reliability of industrial monitoring pipelines and reducing the risk of error propagation into downstream diagnostic and prognostic tasks in wind energy applications.