Toward Compact Fiber In-line Nonlinear Devices via Highly Efficient Nanophotonic Cavity Interface

Abstract

Compact and efficient frequency conversion within optical fibers is highly desirable for nonlinear and quantum photonic technologies, yet it remains challenging due to weak nonlinear interactions and limited coupling efficiencies onto optical fibers. Here, we demonstrate resonantly enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) through the all-fiber integration of a gallium nitride (GaN) hole-type circular Bragg grating (h-CBG) cavity, directly transferred onto a standard optical fiber. Together with the large second-order nonlinear susceptibility and wide optical transparency window of GaN, the fabricated h-CBG membrane cavity on GaN enables strong field confinement and vertically directional out-coupling of the generated SHG signal. As a result, we observe drastically enhanced SHG signals from the h-CBG device compared with the bulk GaN and the unpatterned freestanding GaN membrane. Using a deterministic pick-and-place transfer technique, we demonstrate robust and precise fiber integration of the GaN cavity device, enabling in-line SHG generation from a conventional fiber platform. This work establishes a compact and scalable approach for incorporating optical nonlinearity into fiber-based photonic systems.