Spinal-Multiple-Myeloma-SEG: A Dual-Energy CT Dataset Extended with Trabecular Bone Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae

Abstract

We present an extension of the publicly available \textit{Spinal-Multiple-Myeloma-SEG} dataset, a dual-energy CT imaging resource for multiple myeloma research. The purpose of this dataset is to enable voxel-wise analysis of vertebral bone microstructure by adding expert-validated segmentation of the trabecular compartment of lumbar vertebrae. The dataset consists of 72 dual-energy CT examinations from 67 adult patients (mean age 66 years, range 48--85; 36\% female), acquired retrospectively using a dual-layer dual-energy CT system. It includes conventional CT, virtual monoenergetic images, and calcium-suppressed reconstructions, along with structured clinical metadata. The data are provided in DICOM format, while segmentation masks are available in both NIfTI and DICOM-SEG formats. The primary intended applications include trabecular bone segmentation, quantitative bone mineral density-related analysis, and development of deep learning models for vertebral anatomy and disease-affected bone structures in multiple myeloma. The dataset supports both segmentation and multimodal learning tasks in pathological and non-pathological bone. Initial trabecular segmentation masks were generated using a pretrained nnU-Net model and subsequently refined through manual expert correction and radiological quality control, ensuring anatomical consistency. The original dataset is publicly available via TCIA (\href{https://doi.org/10.7937/k4qv-hh78}{https://doi.org/10.7937/k4qv-hh78}), while the trabecular segmentation extension (Version 2) is released through Zenodo (\href{https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21628232}{https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21628232}) under the CC BY 4.0 license. The Zenodo release provides immediate public access to the segmentation masks and will be additionally incorporated into the official TCIA collection after completion of the curation process.