Enhancement of far-field thermal emission via polaritonic cavity modes

Abstract

Controlling thermal emission is crucial for applications involving thermophotovoltaics, thermal sensing, imaging, and camouflage. While prior studies focused on the emission of thermally excited guided modes (TEGMs) inside cavities, their contribution to the far-field radiation outside cavities has remained unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a tunable far-field thermal channel enabled by TEGMs arising from the coupling of surface phonon-polaritons and cavity resonances. By combining infrared emissivity experiments with fluctuational electrodynamics simulations, we identify distinct spectral features marking the conversion of two-dimensionally confined polaritonic modes into three-dimensional radiative channels. We find that silicon cavities covered with SiO2 enhance the emissivity by up to 200% near the polaritonic spectral resonance, whereas bare silicon cavities yield only broadband enhancement. These findings provide experimental evidence of TEGMs and establish a simple cavity architecture as an effective and scalable platform for tailoring thermal radiation without complex nanofabrication.