G-Power: Architecture-level GPU Power Modeling with Aggregated Knowledge Foundations from Known GPUs

Abstract

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have been serving as critical computation resources for large-scale parallel computations. With increasing chip complexity, power efficiency has become an important design objective for modern GPUs. GPU power optimization relies on fast power evaluation, requiring architecture-level GPU power model. However, because of the time-consuming power label collection, only simple microbenchmarks are adopted for training. The limitation of microbenchmarks as training data incurs low accuracy for existing architecture-level GPU power models like AccelWattch. To address the limitation of microbenchmarks as training data, we propose G-Power, an architecture-level GPU power modeling framework that utilizes additional known GPU chips to provide additional knowledge. G-Power utilizes the aggregated knowledge foundation from additional known GPU chips and then performs fine-tuning on our target GPU. To provide foundations with additional known GPU chips and capture the similarity to utilize these foundations for fine-tuning, G-Power adopts a three-phase algorithm consisting of 1) pre-training with additional known chips, 2) attention-inspired aggregation, and 3) fine-tuning on our target GPU. We evaluate G-Power on four modern NVIDIA GPUs, demonstrating high accuracy. G-Power can achieve a low MAPE of 14% and a high correlation coefficient R of 0.88 on average, which are 22% lower MAPE and 0.36 higher R than AccelWattch.