Parameter Estimation for Eccentric Supermassive Black Hole Binaries with Pulsar Timing Arrays

Abstract

Pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments are searching for gravitational waves (GWs) in the nanohertz band. The primary GW sources targeted by PTAs include populations of inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) in the local Universe, some of which may emit detectable continuous gravitational-wave (CGW) signals. In this paper, we focus on the detection strategy for individual binaries on eccentric orbits. Using simulated datasets based on the EPTA DR2new configuration, we perform injection-recovery studies across the parameter space. We demonstrate that individual component masses can be measured when an eccentric SMBHB is detected at high GW frequencies. We further show a correlation between the CGW signal and the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) at low frequencies, which makes CGW identification challenging. Finally, the developed software is GPU-compatible, enabling efficient Bayesian inference. This work lays the groundwork for future applications to real PTA data.