Local magnetic properties of the rare-earth intermetallics $R$Mn$_2$Ge$_2$ ($R$=Ce, Pr, Nd)

Abstract

We present an investigation of the rare-earth intermetallic materials, $R$Mn$_2$Ge$_2$ ($R$=Ce, Pr, Nd), reported to host a lattice of skyrmionic bubbles at room temperature. The magnetism of all three materials is characterised by the onset of local fluctuations as the magnetic state changes from a conical magnetic structure to a collinear antiferromagnetic one as temperature $T$ is increased. In this $T$ regime, where skyrmion-bubble textures have been reported, we see dynamics similar to those observed in other skyrmion-hosting materials. The level of disorder above this transition increases across the series from $R$=Ce to Nd. At low temperatures the magnetism is affected by the ordering of the rare-earth ions, resulting in distinct behaviour for the different members of the series.