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Axion Dark Matter Modulated Spin Wave Interferometry

Jiayi Liu, Chen-Hui Xie, Runyu Lei, Sichun Sun, Yu Gao, Jinxing Zhang

hep-pharXiv:2608.07136

Abstract

We propose a novel asymmetric spin wave interferometer to detect ultralight axion dark matter. The axion modulates spin-wave properties via a weak effective magnetic field in ferromagnets. The interferometer splits a spin-wave source into two paths of different lengths and sets them to interfere destructively. The system then converts the axion-induced phase shift into a measurable magnetization oscillation that can radiate electromagnetic waves and generate electrical signals via Faraday induction. The signal-to-noise ratios have been evaluated for three detection schemes: the linear amplifier, the single-photon detector, and the electrical signal detection approach, accounting for both magnetization fluctuation and thermal noise. The accessible axion mass range is approximately 10-8 eV to 10-6 eV, set by the spin wave propagation length and the relaxation time.

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