A Unified Quantum Interferometric Framework for Interaction-Free Measurement and Delayed-Choice Experiments

Abstract

A theoretical unified interferometric framework is developed for interaction-free measurement (IFM) and delayed-choice (DC) experiments. The proposed model leads to a quantum circuit based architecture in which an ancillary qubit coherently controls the interaction between a photon and a bomb, allowing the system to evolve in a superposition of interaction and non-interaction regimes. The ancillary control qubit serves as a quantum switch that continuously interpolates between IFM and DC behavior, revealing a common operational origin for both phenomena. We demonstrate that both the phenomena can be realized within this framework through controlled quantum-gate operations. The analysis shows that the framework enables a continuous transition between the particle-like and wave-like behavior in DC setup. The framework is shown to be consistent with standard quantum mechanics, preserving unitary evolution, quantum superposition and the measurement postulate.