Spectrally smooth broadband response via autocorrelation-constrained inverse design

Abstract

Time-domain inverse design in photonics is known to be suitable for maximizing the efficiency of optical devices over broad frequency ranges. Objectives commonly used in this context include time-integrated field quantities derived from Poynting's theorem, such as energy, flux, or dissipated power, which can be directly linked to integrated frequency-domain responses via Parseval's theorem. While computationally efficient, these objectives measure only the total response over the targeted bandwidth and, as we demonstrate, are insufficient to capture undesired in-band ripple, narrow spectral features, or sidelobes. We overcome this limitation by introducing a time-domain metric quantifying such spectral variations based on the weighted long-lag autocorrelation energy of the optical response. We incorporate this metric into an FDTD-based topology-optimization framework and demonstrate its beneficial effect on the example of inverse designing one-dimensional dielectric Bragg mirrors via the time-domain adjoint method.