Quasinormal frequencies and greybody factors for axial perturbations of dilaton-Euler-Heisenberg de Sitter black holes

Abstract

We investigate the quasinormal modes (QNMs) and greybody factors of dilaton-Euler-Heisenberg (dEH) de Sitter (dS) black holes in string-inspired Euler-Heisenberg gravity. Since the axial gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations decouple, we treat them independently. By applying the asymptotic iteration method (AIM) alongside a sixth-order WKB approximation, we compute the quasinormal frequencies and find excellent agreement between the two approaches. We also find that the QNM spectra depend sensitively on the magnetic charge $Q_{\text{m}}$, cosmological constant $Λ$, and nonlinear coupling $ε$, with a notable topological anomaly appearing in the electromagnetic frequency trajectories. Additionally, larger values of $Q_{\text{m}}$ or the multipole number $l$ generally suppress wave transmission, while the electromagnetic sector with $ε=1$ exhibits an anomalous response.