Variations of colored multiset Eulerian polynomials and applications

Abstract

Deligeorgaki, Han and Solus introduced colored multiset Eulerian polynomials, derived a generating function identity which generalizes MacMahon's identity, proved their self-interlacing under suitable parameter conditions, and identified these polynomials as the h^*-polynomials of direct products of dilated lattice simplices. In this paper, we introduce an ascent analogue of the colored multiset Eulerian polynomial, derive an explicit generating function identity for this polynomial, show that it is equal to the h^*-polynomial of a family of half-open lattice polytopes, and verify that this ascent polynomial also satisfies self-interlacing under the same parameter conditions. By establishing recurrence relations, we prove that both polynomials are real-rooted for all positive integer parameters. The obtained identities are further applied to interpret combinatorially the h^*-polynomials of Pitman--Stanley polytopes, composition polytopes and a family of reflexive lattice polytopes defined from preorders.