Integrated Heat and Power System Scheduling with Continuous-Time Thermal Dynamics via Bernstein-Galerkin Optimization

Abstract

Coordinated scheduling of district heating networks (DHNs) and electric power systems can improve operational flexibility and reduce costs by exploiting thermal inertia. Most existing formulations rely on simplified discrete-time DHN models, which may inadequately represent continuous spatiotemporal thermal dynamics and can lead to biased flexibility estimation and suboptimal schedules. In this paper, an integrated heat and power system scheduling framework that explicitly incorporates the continuous-time thermal dynamics of DHNs is proposed. A Bernstein-Galerkin transform method is developed to convert the underlying partial-differential thermal-dynamics constraints into a finite set of algebraic constraints, enabling tractable optimization while retaining dynamic fidelity. The resulting model transforms the original infinite-dimensional variational problem into a finite-dimensional coefficient optimization that can be solved using optimization solvers. Compared with conventional discretization approaches, the proposed method provides a more accurate representation of thermal dynamics and yields schedules with improved economic performance and reliability.