Topology of Nonequilibrium Currents Controls Active Transport
A. Escobar, G. Geva, A. Alexander-Katz, L. R. Arriaga, J. V. Alvarez, J. L. Aragones
Abstract
Structured environments repeatedly redirect active particles, producing transport pathways that cannot be readily inferred from individual trajectories. Here, we show that the large-scale organization of these transport pathways is governed by topological constraints. Hydrodynamic scattering generates nonequilibrium current fields whose defect structure, characterized by integer indices, constrain transport pathways and renders them robust to smooth perturbations. This principle is demonstrated with rotating colloids in obstacle arrays and extended to stokeslet and force-dipole flows, thereby linking microscale transport to the topology of hydrodynamically generated nonequilibrium currents.
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