Exploiting Pilot Contamination to Improve UL Sum Rate under Maximum Ratio Combining

Abstract

In this work, we show that pilot contamination can be exploited to jointly increase the uplink sum rate and reduce pilot overhead. By leveraging the effect of pilot contamination on minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) channel estimates, we demonstrate that allowing users to share or use correlated pilots can, in certain regimes, yield better sum rate than with mutually orthogonal pilots or perfect channel state information (CSI) under maximum-ratio (MR) combining. To establish this result, we derive the use-and-then-forget (UATF) capacity bound for an arbitrary pilot design under correlated Rayleigh fading with MR combining. We show that, in the presence of pilot contamination, the key mechanism is the directional suppression of the channel estimate towards nearby interfering angular regions, enabling interference reduction. Numerical results confirm this behavior, demonstrating the sum-rate gain and showing that it grows with the number of antennas.