Online Scheduling for Throughput Maximization of Time-varying Markovian Channels with Unknown Statistics

Abstract

We consider a wireless scheduling problem in downlink wireless networks with unknown channel statistics, where a Base Station (BS) sends data to multiple users. The scheduling performance relies heavily on accurate Channel State Information (CSI), which is often costly to acquire. In this paper, CSI is obtained from ACK/NACK feedback, only after each scheduled transmission. Due to limited wireless channel resources, all users cannot be scheduled for transmission simultaneously. Hence, the most recently observed CSI can be outdated. The traditional approach to solve scheduling problems using outdated CSI is to utilize belief states, which are calculated using the time correlation statistics of channels. However, channel statistics are often unknown; consequently, belief states can be uncountable and this approach becomes infeasible. In this paper, we introduce a new sufficient statistics for the wireless scheduling problem. Towards this effort, we characterize the CSI staleness by the Age of Channel State Information (AoCSI) and show that the latest observed CSI and its AoCSI is a sufficient statistic of the history to make the scheduling decisions. Accordingly, we are able to reduce the state space for online learning. Our goal is to develop an online scheduling algorithm that maximizes the expected sum throughput of all users over a finite time-horizon while satisfying a channel resource constraint. The formulated problem is a Restless Multi-armed Bandit (RMAB). We develop an online Maximum Gain First (Online-MGF) policy, which achieves sub-linear regret on the number of episodes. For a special case of ON/OFF channels, we are able to prove indexability and derive a closed-form expression of the Whittle index. Numerical results demonstrate that the Online-MGF policy converges to MGF and Whittle index policies with known statistics within a very few episodes.