IRIS: Navigating and Reflecting on Writing Traces Using Intelligent Document Histories

Abstract

Much of the text produced throughout the lifetime of a document is impermanent. In this paper, we explore how writing activity traces can be made visible and interactive to help writers navigate their document histories and understand their writing processes. Using the Flower and Hayes cognitive process model of writing, IRIS infers writing process states from keystroke logs and presents them using an AI-enhanced version history. IRIS provides three primary interactions: revision highlighting that shows local process histories in-situ, conceptual filters that constrain the version history by process type or topic, and natural language inquiry that lets writers pose reflective questions about their writing and process. Following a formative and a longitudinal study, we find that writers use the interfaces to locate specific revisions and understand the progression of their writing. They use system outputs as interpretive material, relating them to pre-existing beliefs and confirming, challenging, and deepening their understanding of their writing.