Enumeration of plane hypermaps with a mixed boundary I

Abstract

Plane hypermaps are plane maps endowed with a proper coloration of their inner faces in black or white. We consider the problem of enumerating plane hypermaps with prescribed face degrees and a $k$-alternating boundary condition: by this we mean the colors of inner faces incident to the outer face alternates at most $2k$ times when turning around the hypermap. The present paper deals with the cases $k=1,2$, the general case being left to the forthcoming part II. Our approach relies on the so-called slice decomposition and uses crucially the notion of accessibility, which exploits the canonical orientation of hypermaps and the marking variable $t$ associated with vertices, to enumerate pointed hypermaps by decomposing them according to the set of all vertices that can access to the marked vertex. This process enables us to express the generating functions of hypermaps with mixed boundaries in terms of the generating functions of hypermap slices and to recover, in a purely combinatorial way, some formulas previously obtained through algebraic methods.