Resonant state expansion for acoustic resonators. Part I. Eigenvalue problem

Abstract

Resonant-state expansion (RSE) is a powerful modal framework for the perturbative analysis of open resonant systems, providing direct access to complex eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes. While RSE is well developed in electromagnetism, a comparably systematic formulation for acoustics remains less established. Here, we develop a general Green-function-based formalism for acoustic RSE and illustrate it for a class of two-dimensional acoustic resonators. Using the resonant states of an analytically solvable cylindrical reference system as a basis, we derive explicit perturbation matrix elements for uniform, radial, and sectoral variations of density and compressibility, representing homogeneous tuning, graded profiles, and symmetry-induced modal coupling. The resulting complex eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes are validated against exact analytical solutions and finite-element simulations, showing excellent quantitative agreement. The framework provides a systematic and physically transparent approach for analyzing perturbed open acoustic resonators and establishes a basis for resonant-state methods in acoustic metamaterials and non-Hermitian acoustics.