Highly organized smectic-like packing in vapor-deposited glasses of a liquid crystal

Abstract

Glasses of a model smectic liquid crystal-forming molecule, itraconazole, were prepared by vapor deposition onto substrates with temperatures ranging from Tsubstrate = 0.78 Tg to 1.02 Tg, where Tg = 330 K is the glass transition temperature. The films were characterized using x-ray scattering techniques. For Tsubstrate near and below Tg, glasses with layered smectic-like structures can be prepared and the layer spacing can be tuned by 16% through choice of Tsubstrate. Remarkably, glasses prepared with Tsubstrate above Tg exhibit much higher structural organization than a thermally annealed film. These results are explained by a mechanism based upon preferred molecular orientation and enhanced molecular motion at the free surface, indicating that molecular organization in the glass is independent of the anchoring preferred at the substrate. These results suggest new strategies of optimizing molecular packing within active layers of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices.