Chat First, Worry Later: Understanding Individuals' Privacy Perceptions Using ChatGPT in a Work Context

Abstract

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools like ChatGPT, which can generate human-like responses from vast amounts of textual data, are increasingly transforming work routines across various fields, including education, healthcare, and IT. This integration, however, raises privacy concerns and questions the readiness of both environments and individuals. To investigate this issue, we conducted a user study with $N=224$ participants from a range of different employment sectors that have integrated ChatGPT into their work routines. We examined how proficiency in the utilization of ChatGPT, general privacy concerns, and organizational policies for GenAI usage impact users' actual ChatGPT usage and how these factors interact. Our findings reveal organizational policies are significantly positively associated with privacy-related ChatGPT proficiency, however, the overall proficiency is low. Higher privacy concerns were found to negatively influence both the frequency of ChatGPT use and the diversity of its applications, especially among users in organizations without GenAI policies.