Privacy-Preserving Localization via Transmit Antenna Selection and Permutation

Abstract

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been identified as one primary usage scenario in the sixth-generation (6G) network. While techniques to preserve information privacy, such as cryptography, have been widely investigated, how to preserve sensing privacy is still an open problem in the literature. This paper makes an early attempt to tackle the above issue. Specifically, we consider a localization system consisting of a multi-antenna transmitter, termed Alice, a single-antenna legitimate receiver, termed Bob, and a single-antenna illegitimate receiver, termed Eve. To allow Bob to estimate Alice's angle-of-departure (AOD) but prevent Eve from performing this task based on Alice's signals, this paper proposes a novel antenna selection and permutation based transmission strategy for Alice. Under this scheme, Alice carefully selects a subset of antennas and permutes their indices to establish a specific pilot-antenna mapping for transmission. Similar to cryptography for information privacy, such a mapping will serve as the secret key to preserve localization privacy. In the special case without noise at Bob and Eve, we manage to find out all the antenna selection and permutation solutions such that with this key (knowledge about the exact pilot-antenna mapping), Bob can uniquely estimate Alice's AOD, while without this key, Eve can estimate multiple AODs of Alice that can lead to its received signals. In the noisy case, numerical results are provided to show that our scheme can confuse Eve to make inaccurate AOD estimation as well.