Conformal Metrics on the unit Ball with Constant $Q$-Curvature, Constant $T$-Curvature, and Minimal Boundary

Abstract

We completely classify conformal metrics on the unit ball $(\mathbb{B}^{n+1},|\mathrm{d} x|^2)$, $n\geq4$, with positive constant $Q$-curvature, positive constant $T$-curvature, and minimal boundary. After normalizing the $Q$-curvature, there is a unique conformal metric for each $T$-curvature value in $[0,+\infty)$, up to conformal diffeomorphism. For positive $T$-curvature, these metrics are not Einstein and yield a new family of bubble profiles, distinct from the Aubin--Talenti bubble family except when $T=0$. This new phenomenon has no analogue in either the second-order boundary Yamabe problem or the constant $Q$-curvature problem on closed manifolds. To our knowledge, this is the first classification result for a fourth-order boundary value problem with nonlinear terms both in the interior and on the boundary.