Disentangling propagation effects from Fast Radio Burst spectra: An analysis on simulated data

Abstract

We present a methodology to decouple propagation effects, specifically scattering and dispersion, from the intrinsic spectro-temporal properties of repeating Fast Radio Bursts. Utilizing the Triggered Relativistic Dynamical Model, and assuming superradiance as the emission mechanism, we generate simulated sub-bursts and inject controlled levels of scattering and residual dispersion. For each burst, we measure the sub-burst slope, defined as the trajectory of the centroids in the dynamic spectrum, and the characteristic duration of the burst profile. We then fit a modified sub-burst slope law to the resulting slope-duration measurements to recover the scattering timescale, residual dispersion measure, and other model parameters. Under the thin-screen approximation, the scattering timescale at $1~\mathrm{GHz}$ is precisely recovered, typically to within $\sim 1-2\%$ of the true value. In contrast, the residual dispersion is recovered with comparatively lower precision, with median absolute errors of $\sim 0.3-0.6\ \mathrm{pc \, cm^{-3}}$, reflecting its weaker constraint and degeneracy with an intrinsic parameter. Despite this, the modified sub-burst slope law successfully reproduces the spectro-temporal evolution and accurately constrains the scattering properties even for diverse intrinsic burst populations. These results demonstrate that our framework yields a tractable method for separating propagation-induced distortions from intrinsic emission characteristics to a meaningful degree, enabling more reliable inference of the physical properties of FRB sources.