Wilsonian Cosmology: de Sitter (in)Stability

Abstract

We develop a (Wilsonian) functional-renormalisation-group framework for scalar cosmology in which quantum fluctuations of a scalar field are coarse-grained on cosmological spacelike hypersurfaces. Integrating out quantum fluctuations with wavelengths smaller than the Hubble radius $H(t)^{-1}$, we obtain an effective scalar potential $U(ϕ(t),H(t))$ that evolves in time. We derive a non-perturbative flow equation for this potential, together with the coupled set of (modified) Friedmann equations. We then apply this formalism to the simplest possible case of a de Sitter vacuum when the scalar field is at rest, in two situations which satisfy exactly our flow equation: $(i)$ A flat potential, for which we find that the only pure de Sitter solution is unstable and corresponds to a saddle point. $(ii)$ A quadratic potential with curvature $m^2>0$, for which we find that the presence of the mass term stabilises the system. The latter case leads to a de Sitter attractor either at the Hubble scale when the mass is larger than the Hubble scale at initial time, or by introducing a new attractor located at $H=m$ in the case the mass is smaller, which may be particularly relevant to the phenomenological study of dark energy and inflation theories.