Bound State Analysis of Rank-One Delta Interactions Supported by Deformed Hyperspheres

Abstract

We study rank-one delta interactions supported by small normal deformations of an \(n\)-dimensional hypersphere \(S_R^n\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\). The interaction is defined by the normalized surface measure on the support and therefore corresponds to the rotationally invariant sector of the hyperspherical shell problem. For the undeformed hypersphere, we derive the bound-state equation for \(E=-ν^2\) in terms of the modified Bessel product \[ I_{\frac{n-1}{2}}(νR)K_{\frac{n-1}{2}}(νR). \] We then consider an inward normal deformation \[ X_\varepsilon(ω)=(R-\varepsilon h(ω))ω, \qquad ω\in S^n, \qquad 0<\varepsilon\ll1. \] Our main result is that, to first order in \(\varepsilon\), the bound-state energy depends only on the average normal displacement \[ \langle h\rangle = \frac1{|S^n|}\int_{S^n}h(ω)\,dΩ_n(ω). \] Equivalently, the deformed hypersphere is spectrally equivalent, up to \(O(\varepsilon^2)\), to a round hypersphere with effective radius \(R-\varepsilon\langle h\rangle\). In particular, mean-zero deformations do not change the rank-one bound-state energy at first order.