Hagedorn temperature from holography: rotating and charged systems

Abstract

Using the string/field theory correspondence as a tool, we study the dependence of the Hagedorn temperature of strongly coupled, planar gauge theories on angular velocities and chemical potentials for $U(1)$ global currents. Our results are obtained from an interplay of world-sheet semiclassical quantization methods and target space low energy effective ones. The Hagedorn temperature is given as an expansion in the inverse (large) 't Hooft coupling limit. Working to quadratic order in the fluctuations, the world-sheet analysis provides the leading, the next-to-leading and part of the next-to-next-to leading order terms. In particular, it captures the NNLO $\log 2$ terms which are due to the contributions of non-zero modes to the zero-point energy. These modes are not accounted for by the effective approach, within which they have to be included by hand using suitable educated guesses. On the other hand, the effective methods allow to compute in a relatively easy way the missing NNLO pieces (and even further subleading corrections), which could be accounted for from the world-sheet approach only working at quartic (or higher) order in the fluctuations. We present general results and several examples in various dimensions, including both confining models and conformal field theories on spheres (such as $\mathcal N=4$ SYM and ABJM) dual to string theories on global $AdS$ spaces.