Microscopic Modeling of the Charge-Density-Waves in the Rare-Earth Tritellurides

Abstract

Despite being arguably the simplest and best characterized quasi-2D charge-density-wave (CDW) systems, the rare-earth tritellurides ($R$Te$_3$) continue to yield surprising experimental results, including recent evidence suggestive of mirror-symmetry breaking associated with the onset of CDW order. Motivated by this, we consider a 2D electron-phonon model for a single Te square-net plane, which we analyze using mean-field theory. For an appropriate region of parameter space, we find a finite-temperature continuous transition from the normal state to a unidirectional CDW state with an ordering vector matching that observed experimentally. At lower temperatures, we find a second translation-symmetry-breaking transition, similar to what occurs in $R$Te$_3$ compounds with heavier rare-earth elements. In certain parameter regimes, we also find an intervening mirror-symmetry-breaking transition occurring between the two transitions described above. These results reveal an intrinsic susceptibility to mirror-symmetry breaking in the unidirectional CDW phase, which is relevant to understanding recent experiments on the $R$Te$_3$ compounds.