Conformal Boundary Deformations under Ricci Lower Bounds: Eigenvalue Counterexamples

Abstract

Let $(M^{n+1},g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. Under the assumptions $\Ric_g\geq ng$ and $\II_g\geq0$, Wang proposed a sharp strengthening of the Choi--Wang--Reilly estimate, asserting that the first nonzero Laplace eigenvalue of the boundary is at least $n$; see [J. Geom. Anal. 31 (2021)]. We disprove this assertion in every dimension $n+1\geq3$. More precisely, we construct a sequence of metrics on the hemisphere $\Sph^{n+1}_{+}$ converging in $C^\infty$ to the round metric and satisfying \[ \Ric_g>n g,\qquad \II_g>0,\qquad λ_1(\partial\Sph^{n+1}_{+},g|_{\partial\Sph^{n+1}_{+}})<n. \] The construction starts from Zhu&#39;s infinitesimal conformal deformation, which lowers one branch of the first boundary eigenspace while preserving the normalized Ricci lower bound to first order. We add a multiple of the spherical height function.